Lifelines: Canada's East Coast Fisheries

The Search for Cod, a Delicacy for Meatless Days
A Fishing Expedition on the Saint-André (1754)
The Search for Cod, a Delicacy for Meatless Days: 
A Fishing Expedition on the Saint-André (1754)

By Jean-Pierre Chrestien to TABLE OF CONTENTS


Crossing the Atlantic

Danger!
 

During Holy Week, danger broke the monotony of the voyage. The fog moved in. Ice from the coasts of Greenland and Labrador appeared, dotting the waters east of the Grand Bank like a final obstacle to be overcome in the conquest of the banks. The crew of the Saint-André battled the ice desperately until Easter Sunday.


Vow made to Notre Dame de Grâce - 
Service régional de l'Inventaire général en Basse-Normandie Figure 5: Vow made to Notre Dame de Grâce (Our Lady of Grace) by Captain Bellet and the crew of the Saint-André on April 11, 1754 (detail). Cl. P. Corbière, Service régional de l'Inventaire général en Basse-Normandie. Copyright 1999, Inventaire general, ADAGP.

Ex-voto offered after the fishing expedition on Newfoundland's Grand Bank, Notre-Dame de Grâce chapel, Honfleur. 68 The Saint-André is caught in ice, and the crew uses gaffs to keep the ice off the ship. If the artist's depiction is accurate, the Saint-André was a 100- to 120-ton three-masted barque without a forecastle or a poop deck, about 85 to 90 feet long with an 18- to 20-foot beam.


Thursday, April 11, 1754

The winds varied from SE to SSE, a moderate breeze and fog at 10 a.m. We saw ice until noon. We hove to because of the amount of ice and the fog. For 24 hours, we followed various courses under full sail. And after making a reduction, I maintained a W1/4NW course, 50 minutes towards the north. According to my estimate, I covered about 28 2/3 leagues.

North difference: 5 leagues 54´
Current north latitude: 45°3´

West difference: 28 leagues
Current longitude: 335°6´

Friday, April 12, 1754

From noon yesterday to noon today, we were in icy waters. We sailed SNW following all sorts of courses. From noon Friday to noon Saturday, the amount of ice and the fog posed a considerable problem for us.

Saturday, April 13, 1754

On Thursday at noon we sounded in the ice and found 55 fathoms and a bottom of black pebbles at 49°29´ north latitude and about 3 leagues inside the Bank of Newfoundland. Today, under clear skies (at 46°10´ north latitude), we avoided the ice, following various rhumbs, including WNE, NW, WSW and WNW, for 8 hours, in a gentle SSE breeze and good weather. Around 6 p.m., we sounded once again. We found 40 fathoms of water at 45°53´ north latitude. We travelled 10 1/2 leagues in the Bank, having observed 45°57´ north latitude at noon.

— Thanks be to God and the Most Blessed Virgin Mary

From 6 p.m. on Saturday, April 13, to 8 p.m. on Easter Sunday, April 14, 1754

We sailed and drifted along various courses. At the end of the day, we are at 45°33´ north latitude and about 12 leagues inside the Bank, in foggy weather, a substantial amount of ice and rough seas.

Monday, April 15, 1754

From noon yesterday to noon today, the winds were always ESE, a moderate breeze, foggy weather. We sailed and drifted along various courses. At 8 p.m., we are at 45°30´ north latitude and about 15 1/2 leagues inside the Bank.


Map of Newfoundland's Grand Bank - 
Canadian Museum of Civilization, 
National Library of Canada

Figure 6: Map of Newfoundland's Grand Bank (detail)
H.-L. Duhamel du Monceau, Traité général des pesches, 1772, vol. 2, section 1, part 2, plate I, fig. 1, Canadian Museum of Civilization, National Library of Canada.



FOOD AND DAILY ROUTINE | DANGER!


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